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The Gold (Au)
The Gold (Au)
Latin
name of the gold is Auram. It is the element of the first
period sub-group of the periodic system. The atomic number of
the gold is 79. Atomic mass is 196,9665. It appears to be
the continuation of the VII group of elements . And also it has
the same properties as alkali metals which situated in the main
sub-group of the first group, this condition is because of the
external stratum of electron . The gold is different from the
S elements from the main
sub-group , becouse it has been supplemented with the D
sub-level.
There
is a difference between the elements of the first group in
electrochemical properties, when the elements of main
sub-group-alkani metals are awarded in chemical active
elements, which can easily enter chemical reactions. Sometimes
subgroup elements (Cu, Ag, Au) have the properties of noble
elements. The alkani metals are placed in the beginning of the
electrochemical strain line, but the copper, silver and gold are
placed at the end.
Li Cs K Ca Na
Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb
H Cu Hg Ag Au
Gold is the first metal which just been discovered by
humanity-wrote K.Marx. It was conditioned by free existence in
nature, blinding, bright yellow colour and brilliance. The stone
and golden things, which are founded in archeological
excavations fossils, belong to Neolithic epoch.
People used gold as money before our era: in China ,
Egypt , India and Mesopotamia.
Because of the golds fantastic shade and chemical
condition , alchemists called it The king of metals and marked
it as a simbol of the sun.
Gold takes the form of crystal in cube sidecentral
system . The length of its side is 4,075A0
It is
viscous solution . We can get a very thin paper so called kilita
from it. It is very easy to work out and give it any desirable
shape. It belongs too heavy metals.
The gold can give fusion with silver. Also it can
give such a strong fusions with platinium, platinium and copper,
in spite of the difference in their fasets size.
Gold
has a property-firmness with the actions of atmosphere. It
doesnt change at all in air, even when it touches the water.
Such aggressive elements, as halogens, do not act on the gold in
dry conditions, in room temperature. Its opposite , if we act
on it with the water-solution of chlorine. The gold solutes fast
by the formatting chloride:
2Au+3Cl2=2AuCl3
AuCl3=AuCl+Cl2
The gold solutes in aqua regie: (The mixture of three volume
(size ) of salt acid and one volume of nytrogen acid)
Au+3HCl+HNO3=AuCl3+NO+2H2O
The gold also solutes in the hot H2SeO4
selen acid
The melted alkalis and concentrated acied do not act
on the gold because of the colation of electrochemistry strein
in rows.
Its possible to find out the gold in any solution
with post assum chloride . And red or pink colloidal solution is
received.
In admixtures the gold has the valency I and III which
is caused with the disposition of electrons on the next layer of
the our electron layer.
The oxides of gold is badly soluted in water. Its
hydro- oxides have a amphoteric properties. For example: Golden
Hydro Oxides Au ( OH )3
Golden acid H3AuO3
The Produce and Receiving of Gold
The oldest method of producing gold is to wash it. Its
necessary for it to wash off the mountain rocks, which are small
particles. The specific gravity of the gold is big, so it stays
on the bottom of vessel and the light rocks leave it with
liquid. The gold also may be producsed by soluting in the
mercury. Its known that the gold makes Amalgama at this time,
which is left by the mercury by the distillation, and the gold
stays.
One of the way of producing the gold is Tsianid way. Its
the same as Petre Bagrationis way -1843 (Petre , the son of
Roman Bagrationi (1818-1876) is the nephew of Petre Bagrationi)
which is reckoned as the best way in metallurgy even nowadays.
It gives us the way of leaving the small particles from the ore,
which is not possible by the process of Amalgama.
The
Using
Gold is widely used for making golden of less noble metals.
There are two reasons in making golden: The first to protect
other metals from the corrosion, the second to get
aestheticaly nice thing.
In medicine, the gold is used for making the crown of
teeth , bridges and so on. The gold kills bacteria, it is
necessary for our organism.
Almost the half part of one years supply of gold is
kept as the Golden Stones In the state banks. It secures the
sheet money.
The Golden Chloride is used for galvanic covering
with gold.
The golden trial 583 shows us, that its structure is
58,3%, its same as 1000gr 583g is gold and the other part is
copper in solution. The number of trial shoes us the structure
of gold. |
